The Middle Ages laid the foundation for music. The first music was very simple, both in terms of melody and harmony. Gregorian Chant, the first musical form, was very simple. The chant was simple. Chant was one voice with a melody. Instruments were not used. During the Renaissance, music was influenced greatly by political, economic, and religious factors in Europe. The greatest musical advance was the change from a monophonic sound to polyphonic. In church services, polyphony is used to describe several melodies played simultaneously. The polyphonic music or multivocal became more complex as the years passed. This period saw the integration of many instruments, which added complexity to sound.…

Rome was established as a political power during the Punic Wars. These three wars were fought between Carthage and Rome, the dominant power on the Italian peninsula (Punic). Carthage in North Africa was an important military power before the Punic Wars. Carthage was at peace with Rome and fought mainly Greece. Rome and Carthage had several treaties of peace between them. Rome got involved in the first Punic War, which lasted from 264 to 261 BCE. Sicily was then Carthage’s territory. Rome sent an armed force to Carthage in order to settle their dispute. Carthage then viewed this as an act a war. The war was fought over control of…

In the first two decades of the 20th Century, segregation by race was a common practice. In the 1940s racial segregation became a law. The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution asserts that all people should have the same rights. However, the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment could have taken on many forms. Up until relatively recent U.S. historical times, equal rights were assumed to be possible through segregated but equal facilities. It was not until 1954 that “colored” buildings were considered to be “inherently unfair” because they lacked quality. The Civil Rights Movement is said to have started in 1954 and continued until 1968. I believe it began much earlier…

In the early days of America, the founding members faced unmatched adversity. Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence combines the poetry of Elizabeth Stanton with the passion of a people who have been suppressed. Readers of all generations will be encouraged to express themselves despite being held back by an external force through the work of the three texts. Even though they were all suffocated, every author managed to change the course of America’s relatively short history. These authors would have never been able to voice their opinions and the country today wouldn’t exist. The revolt that is evident in each text, and the horrors the writers had to endure, can…

History is an agreement of lies – Napoleon Bonaparte Cleopatra VII is often described as the ultimate whore, the Egyptian mate or the deadly monster. Ancient writers used her death as a propaganda tool and vilified her to entertain and educate their audiences. Cleopatra VI was transformed into a symbol of the second wave of feminism after she had been demonized for so many years. This revival of Cleopatra VII’s character raises questions about the myths that surround her, including how they were shaped and changed to suit the views and purposes of each period. Cleopatra VI has been depicted in a variety of ways from her early life to…

American Women are known as resilient and strong because of their endurance, which they demonstrated in Jamestown. Women in Jamestown were forced to work hard, stifle ambitions and endure rape. Researchers have found diaries and tales that were passed down through the generations, which depicted these women’s horrific experiences. In 1606 there were three ships in Virginia. The Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery. Jamestown is a place that was chosen for its proximity to water but being inland. Jamestown was named after King James I. The settlement, which was completed in the month of June, had lookouts on each corner. As soon as the settlers arrived, they began dying of illnesses…

Alexander II, the Tsar of Russia in 1861, issued the emancipation decree for serfs. The idea behind this was that it would give complete freedom to all the Serfs and Peasants of Russia. It is easy to see the reasons behind his emancipation. The Russians who ruled the country had no idea or barely suspected that there were weaknesses in their state’s structure. They feared this would eventually lead to the collapse of the empire, if not addressed immediately. Russia lost 600,000 people in the war. St. Petersburg might have been able to boast of having the largest force in Europe but bad roads, antiquated weaponry, and low-morale made it…

Charlemagne Charlemagne is a Germanic historical figure who influenced the modern world. Between 768-814, he was King of Franks. From 800 to 814 he was Emperor of West. Charlemagne has left an indelible impression on history. But the question as to whether he truly was a great person, both before and after he lived, has been the subject of much debate. During his reign, he participated in several wars to promote Christianity. He was also a great thinker and advocate of many ideas that helped improve society. Charlemagne wished to unify all Germanic tribes and spread Christianity in the lands he conquered. It is believed that he and the army…

McCarthyism is a search campaign that was led by Joseph McCarthy to find Communist Party members and supporters in the 1940s through 1950s. They worked with Roy Cohn of HUAC, and together they found and exposed communists throughout the American community. McCarthyism began in the middle 1940s, around the Cold War. HUAC was formed in 1938, just before World War II. The House of Un-American Activities Committee exposed communists by using fear and suspicion of members of the community. Cold War did not involve any real combat between Soviet Union or the United States. The Cold War is better described as an arms race between the US and Soviet Union…

Gaius Julius Caesar was born in Rome on July 12th or 13th, 100 BCE. He was an influential Roman Republic politician who greatly expanded what later became the Roman Empire. Caesar was born in a new era of Roman history. During Caesar’s childhood, the Roman government lacked stability and dignity. Caesar began his fight to win the Roman Empire when Gaius Caesar died at the age of 16. Caesar and Cornelia were married in 84 bce. Cornelia was the daughter a lord, they were married from 84 bce until 69 c.e. They named their daughter Julius Caesar. Sulla had been a political competitor of Cornelias dad and was interested in…